People or Tribe Dayak

Borneo is the largest island in Indonesia. Borneo consists of four provinces, namely West Borneo, Central Borneo, South Borneo and East Borneo. Vast island of Borneo is inhabited by diverse ethnic groups. Major tribes who inhabit Borneo, among other Dayak tribes, tribal Kutai and Banjar tribe.

Dayak or the Daya was original tribes that inhabited the island of Borneo. Dayak tribe originated from Yunnan in Southern China. Yunan population migrated massive circa 3.000-1500 BC. they form small groups. Sebabagian of them wandering into Tumasik and the Malay peninsula.

Asian continent and the island of Borneo is part of the archipelago are still together. Mongoloid race of wandering through mainland Asia and finally reached the island of Borneo with across the mountains. Dayak people of Borneo is true. However, they are increasingly pressured and retreated to the interior after the arrival of the Malays.

the arrival of the Bugis, Makasar, and Java makes Dayak life scatter across Kalimantan. They spread out in a long span of time. They walked up the rivers downstream, then inhabiting the coastal island of Borneo.

Not only of the archipelago, other nations also came to Borneo. Strong migration flows of migrants causes Dayak increasingly pressured. They chose to go into the jungle. As a result, the Dayak tribe became scattered and form a separate subetnik.

Dayak ethnic group is divided into various subsuku which totaled approximately 405. every subsuku Dayak in Kalimantan and cultural mores have nearly the same. This refers to the sociology of social customs, culture, or language typical. Dayak tribes inhabiting coastal areas and rivers in each of their surfaces. some Dayak, including interest Benuaq, Ngaju, Meratus, and Maloh.

SEJARAH BUDAYA - 3:13 PM

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About Culture Kalimantan

FACE TO FACE WITH THE CENTRAL KALIMANTANESE

Isolation saw many customs of the Dayaks passed down through the ages without modification. One ancient Hindu Kaharingan ceremony, very sacred and important among the Dayaks, is the "Tantulak Dahiang Baya, Sial Kawe, Pali Endus" ceremony. If the name sounds a little long-winded we should recall the thrust of this ceremonial petition to God: that regional, community or institutional leaders will exercise their authority with honesty and justice.

In the ceremony, prayers are offered to the great God to send his powerful spirit, the"Mantir Mama Luhing Bungai", "Salutan Raja Nalawang Bulau". down to earth to clear up all problems confronting the community and protect them from chaos and disorder.

These ceremonies are performed for your information and entertainment and will be followed by various local dances that are rarely seen on public display. Presening this program for you this evening are the youth of Central Kalimantan…… successors to the treasures of the past and its custodians for the future.

A CULTURAL EVENING WITH THE PEOPLE OF WEST KALIMANTAN

Two main cultural groups contribute to the customs and traditions of this region of "old Borneo". People with a pre¬dominately Malay background dominate coastal centres but as we move inland we come into contact with people untouched by the passage of years — the Dayak.

It is from the rich folklore of the Dayaks that we draw most of this evening's program.
The "Pantak Pemarang"ceremony is usually prerequisi to to a guest being welcomed at a Dayak village. 

The local village leader will greet the guest and grill him (metapholorically) about his background, position and intentions that under pin a desire to visit the village. When the leader u and accepts the purpose of the guest's visit a sh implement, "Mandau", will be offered to the hasn't brought his own for the purpose) with wl be expected to split a piece of bamboo or dry woc do this successfully the guest will be rewarded w gang's" feather from the village leader and his I be enhanced whereby to conduct the purpose This ritual is followed up by a series of others ti¬the symbolic significance of such everyday it seeds, hen eggs and a slither of metal.

Every step and every piece of material used in a Dayak ceremony has deep signicance for those in the know…….the slither of steel represents strength and consistency, a white chicken's egg stands for strength of purpose and purity of intent and so forth.

Our program will be completed with performances of  the "Kondan" and "Jonggan" dances (amongst other) to the accompaniment of traditional music from the region.

GETTING MARRIED: BANJAR STYLE (SOUTH KALIMANTAN)

In this area of Kalimantan the Banjar people out¬ number two other major ethnic groups; the Dayaks and the Bugis. Deferring to democracy, our main program this evening takes us to a wedding — Banjar style.

As in other regions of Indonesia a wedding of Banjars  is no simple affair. Before the climax of the weddingand  ceremony (Persandingan) a variety of other ritual ceremonies take place.
First the couple have their akad nikah, an official  exchanging of wedding vows where the marriage is witnessed and validated by local authorities. This ceremony is followed by the Balarap. The bride's eyebrow are trimmed to enhance her beauty in this ceremony to have her ready for the Badudus ritual.

For this ritual a corner is set aside and cordoned off by a wall over which a decorative umbrella is placed The walls also are decorated with gold-threaded cloth that sets the colour theme for other decorations; cane and coconut leaves attractively woven and manicured. symbolizes greatness (spiritually and materially) and is the dominant colour throughout this ritual. The stage for this Badudus is completed by the presence of seven enderly ladies equipped with buckets of water, powder and young  cocoanut milk.

In recognition of the bride and groom as a married couple they are now bathed together by the elderly ladies six times with water followed by powder and with young cocoanut milk on the seventh before the final powdering On the seventh dipping the couple share a draught of young cocoanut together.
After this gentle but thorough dousing the couple are paraded into the main gathering hall where they are greeted by showers of yellow rice seeds. In the hall 40 varietes of traditional Banjar delicacies are provided.

HALF A MILLENIUM OF THE KUTAI KINGDOM (EAST KALIMANTAN)

In celebration of half a millenium of the Kutai Kingdom we invite you to join us this evening as we look in on a wedding ceremony in the tradition of the ancient kingdom of Kutai. The elaborate series of traditional rituals (that together complete the nuptials) provide a rich site for digging into the illustrious past of the Kutai Kingdom.

The Ganjur-Ganjur dance welcomes you this evening in the same manner that it welcomed dignitaries and entertained wedding guest in the fifteenth century Sctarcth the surface of the Dayak people. who have been the major East Kalimantan ethnic group since before the Kutai  Kingdom and are still so, and you will find other dances and traditions that can be traced back to the times of Kutai just below the surface. From amongst these we have chosen the Perang, Gong and Gantar dances for  your entertainment this evening.

Stay with us as we dig a little deeper into living ancient traditions with more dances. a parade of regional dressing styles and offer the opportunity to browse and choose from  amongst a wide range of native handicrafts that will be on  offer.

SEJARAH BUDAYA - 12:32 AM

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CULTURAL MALUKU, EAST NUSA TENGGARA, LAMPUNG, SOUTH SUMATRA

A CULTURAL FEAST FROM MALUKU ISLANDS.

Sometimes referred to as “region of 1999 island” Maluku is a rich garden with kalaedoscopic variety of art and cultural traditions - often delicately "bonzaied" or isolated island communities. Vast diversity has been breahed however, by strong common cultural associations and divisions of regional authority to create unity (known as"Siswa Lima” motto) and self-awareness amongst these people.

For an appetiser this evening we offer the"Maso Minta” ritual ; an important ceremony in marriages whereat the young man approaches his intended partner to seek her consensus in fixing a date for the wedding.

Help yourself to a plate as we serve up a feast of traditional the costumes from the region to the accompaniment of music with a regional flavour:"Tifa Totobuang".
The "Tanah" dialect is used by our Maluku Vocal group to accompany dances from three of Maluku's sub¬-regions the"Soya-soyedance from North Maluku, the"Kai ce from South Eastern Maluku and the "Laor" dance from Central Maluku.
For those who still have an appetite for more, we round of the evening with an all-in musical offering to accompany a group of Ambonese girls dancing in white traditional Indonesian "kebaya".

AN INTRODUCTION TO THE CULTURAL LIFE OF EAST NUSA TENGGARA

East Nusa Tenggara, a composite of several large and a scattering of smaller islands, has a unique cultural and artistic heritage and style of clothing that we proudly present. Join us as we have a rare glimpse of traditional costumes from the various sub-regions : Kupang, South Timor Timur, North Timor Timur, Belu, Alor, Flores, Sika. Emera. Ngada, Manggarai. West Sumba and East Sumba.
Relax to the sounds of the songs of the region — Lele - Kalatada, Bo le le Bo, dodo Sumba, Piring Sina and others — to the accompaniment of traditional Sasando instruments.

The sweet fragrance of the sandalwood tree, popular throughout the region, sets the theme for our next section of regional dances; the Putri Cendana, the Meminang, the Cerana, the Ofalangga and others.

We complete the program offering with other region¬ally inspired traditionals for your entertainment.
Any glimpse at the special cultural identity of the NTT region would be incomplete without a background to the unique everyday wear of the people. A display of tra¬ditionally woven fabrics will be exhibitted and a demon¬stration of the exotic weaving techniques required to produce this distinctive weave will also be given.

AN EVENING IN LAMPUNG

Customary beliefs and traditions have contributed as much as buildings, art and clothing styles to creating the uni¬que culture of the people of Lampung.

Essentially two main cultural groups can be discerned dis¬persed through the Lampung region with each still living in accord with time-honoured laws and traditions.
Aside from their cultural differences these two groups occupy fairly clearly defined geographicbounfdatries within Lampung. 

The "Peminggir" people are  generally centred along the coastline and have sub-groupings recognized as "Krui","Ranau","Komering"and"Kayu Agung. The “Pepadun" people, whose population centres are inland, also have several groupings adhering to common customs : the “Abung", the "Pubian", the"MenggalaTulang Bawang” and the "Buay Lima".
Included in our special program packet we offer you the chance to witness a wide variety ofwedding customes, local dances and traditional music in oth the Peminggir  and Pepadun traditions.

PRESENTING THE GROOM (SOUTH SUMATRA)

Wedding ceremonies throghout the Indonesian archipae¬ligo are enriched with local rituals and ceremonies that offer a unique window on local life and customs. Join us as we look in on a unique tradition at South Sumateran weddings known locally as Mangarak Pacar (Presenting the Groom).
Even after the exchange of wedding vows, the groom is not allowed to move in with his wife. 

He must bide his time until the day of "Munggah" (climax of the wedding ceremo¬nies) when the"Mengarak Pacar" ceremony is performed. This ceremony, performed up to several days after the official exchange of vows (akad nikah), takes place in the evening and involves the presentation of a "kris"- a delicately forged traditional dagger imbued with spiritual significance and powers - by the groom's family to the bride.

The"kris"is carried in an elaborate parade along with variousflowers to the bride's home.. The groom’s brother, who usually heads this family group, presents the “kris” and flowers to the bride who accepts the kris into her care as a symbol of the manner in which she undertakes to take the groom  into her life.

The bride, in the presence of her whole family, receives the kris and then kisses and venerates the “kris” as if to say "you are my husband and as of this instantI accept and receive you into my home and life and herewit undertake to fulfill all the duties associated with being queen of our house  hold,"
South Sumaterans are not only sharp when it comes to getting married but have also used their talents to prepare a whole host of Sumateran arts for your enjoyment this evening.

SEJARAH BUDAYA - 12:25 AM

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WEST JAVA, GLIMPSES OF A CENTRAL JAVANESE WEDDING AND "LANGENDRIYAN"

AN EVENING AS GUESTS OF WEST JAVA

The Sundanese motto of West Java, gemah ripah, repeh rapih, characterizes the luxuriance and fertility of Parahiyangan — the land of the Gods (Hyang). It is here that the land naturally reflects and sustains West Javanese aspirations for a peaceful and prosperous life. These worthy pursuits also provide a popular theme for art and culture of the people of West Java.
The Gods have chosen well. Let us share with you those cultural and artistic creations that complement so naturally the picturesque volcanic mountains, deliciately manicured rice fields, and proudly attractive people.

The program includes Rampak Kendang music which reflects on the exhuberance and joy that West Javanese  take in life. Catch more of the regional flavor though ti Kecapi and Calung music — a characteristic art of West Java.

Dancing in Parahiyangan is also offered in deference and praise of the rich natural beauty of the region. We offer  you the "Lenyepan" dance from our list of ancient favourit es and the Topeng and kandagan which are modern creations. Other popular dances of Hyang's tenants are the ( Jaipongan, the Sisingaan and a modern variation on an old self-defence martial art, Pencak Silat.

The gods would not be impressed if we allowed our  guests to leave without the opportunity of visiting the West  Javanese bazaar where you can taste a wide range of  local food and drinks and mix with fellow guests…………..

GLIMPSES OF A CENTRAL JAVANESE WEDDING AND "LANGENDRIYAN"

A traditional Central Javanese wedding steeps you in ornamental charm and grace: Tonight we take a box seat to witnees ceremonies from"Midodareni"Night - the day befo¬re the climax of the wedding feast (Panggih)- which take place at a reception for the bride and groom at the home of the bride's parents.

On this night the bride makes recompense to the artisan (Kyai Wasitojati) who has made a pair of elaborately cut/ symbolic figures from palm leaves on a frame (Mayang).
These two"Mayang"play an important role in ceremonies of the following day. 

The Mayang aspires to represent the mutu¬al commitment by bride and groom to building a harmonious household. Amongst the major role players in this ceremony are : the beide's parents, the bride. the Mayang artisan (Kyai Wasitojati), a delegate for recompensing the artisan (Kyai/ Nyai Saroyojati) and the young unmarried man and ladies who are mentioned by the name of "Widodoro" or ''Widoda¬ri
Sound words of ancient wisdom interlace this ceremony with good advice for the couple and their families.

Langendrian refers to a wide body of Javanese legends that have been passed down through the ages and are still performed in Central Java today. The stories of these legends (tonight'sis about a mighty battle between the ancient king¬doms of Majapahit and Blambangan) are told through dance and song to accompaniment of the Javanese Gamelan or-chestra.

A JOURNEY BACK TO OLl BATAVIA (JAKARTA)

Jakarta, apart from being the national capitcal, has a rich heritage of distinctive language, art and cultural influences that can be traced to the days of Old Batavia (Jakarat’s name  under Dutch colonial rule). Join us this evening as some of our finest local artists rekindle the spirit of Old Batavia for our entertainment this evening.
"Gambang Kromong",Jakarta's own music will accompany some old "Batavian" style songs to open the evening’s program.

The "Topeng" (Mask) dance, "lenggang Blantek”, and other dances that we offer are all typical of Jakarta’s distincive. The Topeng dance takes us back even further than the old puppet theatre of Jakarta. These older dances were often accompanied by the antics of a clown who could add a new dimension to the communication content of the performance.

Amongst popular traditions of Jakartans (and their Batavian ancestors) is the celebration of the healthy development of the 7 month unborn baby. Called the "Nuju Bulanin” celebration, it is a fitting reflection of the value and care and attention that Jakartans (Statistics may suggest 

Indonesians  in general) pay to the finest of all ancient traditions to have been passed down - raising children. The ceremonies include, a ritual bathing of the mother, the breaking of an egg and religious readings which symbolically convey the hope of all gathered that the baby will be born healthy and have a fruit ful life.
Stay with us as we present a fleet but coourful glimpse of some of Old Batavia's best   

SEJARAH BUDAYA - 12:17 AM

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THE UNIQUE FACES OF SULAWESI'S CULTURE

THE UNIQUE FACES OF SOUTH SULAWESI'S CULTURE

Four major ethni-sociological groupings can be distinguis¬hed as "native" to the region of South Sulawesi; the Bugis, Makasar, Mandar and Toraja. These will have their tradi¬tional apparel on display tonight along with traditional wear of the "Bugis Luwu" people - also native to this area.

We have ranged widely in this region to choose the follow¬ing dances for your entertainment : The"Pakerena" dance from Makasar, the Pajaga dance common among the Bugis Luwu people, the Pattudu dance of the Mandarese, the Pagellu of the Torajans and the Pajoge dance of the Bugis.
An "all in" offering under the theme "we all call Sulawesi home" is presented with "Sulawesi- Parasanganta."

The art of "kerawitan" is a talent of people in South Sulawesi for integrating unique musical creations into mo¬dern Langgam Makasar songs. This music is called "Turiolo" and will accompany "Ati Raja" and other popular songs of the region for you this evening.

Having sung the songs of the south we invite you to join us in the recreation of a Bugis Makassar”Appasiari Baju" ceremony. This ceremony, a series of rituals, celebrates the emerging womanhood of young girls and prepares and wel¬comes them into their new role through celebration and ritual circumcision.

A CULTURAL EVENING WITH THE PEOPLE OF CENTRAL SULAWESI

Drawing from a wide range of alternatives we offer a special program packet this evening including the"Nosawirakeceremony. This unique ceremony of the Donggalaregion takes us into family rituals marking one of the milestones of a child in its family. The ceremony marks preparation of a little hammock at a time when the child is deemed old enough to leave its mother's bed.
The ceremony is led by a local spiritual leader (dukun) who recites verses and prays for the prosperity of the child

Central Sulawesi boasts its own musical instrument : the "kakula", which you can see and hear accompanying the po¬pular songs df the region. As you listen to the music we also present a parade of the clothing styles popular in each of the major sub-regions : Kaili. Poso. Banggai and Toli-Toli.

As Central Sulawesians are famous for their friendliness. a packet from this region would not be representative with¬out the"Peulu Cinde” dance: traditionally performed to wel¬come honoured guests. Three charming young ladies will carry small plates of "beras kuning" and delicacies to be sha¬red with guests during the dance. 

Amongst other dances presented are the favourites of the local youth- the "Torom-pio"and "Jepen" where the boys and girls have chance to interact socially. Another popular dance amongst old and young is the "Dero" dance usuallyperformed by six couples at a time on completion of the harvest or at other times of celebration.

SNAPSHOTS FROM THE RAINBOW CULTURE (SOUTH EAST SULAWESI)

Their traditional costumes parade opens this evenings culture program.
Cultural snapshots from this region could fill a large scrapbook but for toninght's program we focus ourselves on the "Jipen", Honari",  "Farr and "Linda" dances - traditionalyy performed throughout this region in connection wit “Karia” traditional ceremonies. 

These ceremonies mark the ens of the "pingit" time in a young lady's life when she is kept at home and not allowed to venture forth into thebig wide challenging word/outside the home. This "coming out paryty" marks the last responsibility of parents to their daughter before the girls set up their own households.

Although originally performed specifically for ti ceremonies, the Karia "Linda"dance proved so popular that it was also borrowed to be used as a dance of welcome for guests.  This dance is now the pride of South East Sulawesi.

As a rainbow has colours. so with the arts of South East  Sulawesi; a vivid selection of snapshots completes our program from the vast albums of Taman Mini.

SEJARAH BUDAYA - 11:56 PM

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AN EVENING IN THE LAND OF THE "RENCONG." (ACEH) and PRESENTING THE GROOM (SOUTH SUMATRA)

AN EVENING IN THE LAND OF THE "RENCONG." (ACEH)

Tonight we introduce you to some of the unique arts of this region commencing with a parade of wedding costumes from 8 of these sub-regions.
"Rencong" is a traditional dagger with ornamentation and is a feature of the Aceh region. Our display of "Ren¬cong" this Evening includes several unique and exquisitely made examples. Rencong made from ivory, or even from gold, — may be encrusted with valuable gems.

This evening we will also offer a display of local handi¬craft for sale including samples of sought-after gold-threaded Acehnese woven fabrics.
"Seruni Kale", a traditional religious musical style with a distinct piped rhythm, is characteristically Acehnese music_ Songs praise God.(Rabana) and His works or are drawn from the stories of the Prophet Mohammad.

The God-fearing nature of the Acehnse is further re¬flected in the next item on this evening's program: the Rampai Aceh and"Hu" dances. Body movements produce sounds that combine with the voices of the dancers to create a unique and memorable experience.

Finally join us as we witness the Acehnese art of "P'mtoh". A single performer sings a story to his own hand drum accompaniment where spontaneity and improvisation add to real communication between the entertainer and his audience.

PRESENTING THE GROOM (SOUTH SUMATRA)

Wedding ceremonies throghout the Indonesian archipae¬ligo are enriched with local rituals and ceremonies that offer a unique window on local life and customs. Join us as we look in on a unique tradition at South Sumateran weddings known locally as Mangarak Pacar (Presenting the Groom).
Even after the exchange of wedding vows, the groom is not allowed to move in with his wife. 

He must bide his time until the day of "Munggah" (climax of the wedding ceremo¬nies) when the"Mengarak Pacar" ceremony is performed. This ceremony, performed up to several days after the official exchange of vows (akad nikah), takes place in the evening and involves the presentation of a "kris"- a delicately forged traditional dagger imbued with spiritual significance and powers - by the groom's family to the bride.

The"kris"is carried in an elaborate parade along with variousflowers to the bride's home.. The groom’s brother, who usually heads this family group, presents the “kris” and flowers to the bride who accepts the kris into her care as a symbol of the manner in which she undertakes to take the groom  into her life.

The bride, in the presence of her whole family, receives the kris and then kisses and venerates the “kris” as if to say "you are my husband and as of this instantI accept and receive you into my home and life and herewit undertake to fulfill all the duties associated with being queen of our house  hold,"
South Sumaterans are not only sharp when it comes to getting married but have also used their talents to prepare a whole host of Sumateran arts for your enjoyment this evening.

SEJARAH BUDAYA - 11:45 PM

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AN EVENING IN THE LAND OF THE RAFLESIA FLOWER (Bengkulu) and TRADITIONAL PEACE-TREATY CEREMONIES (KAMUKI) OF IRIAN JAYA

AN EVENING IN THE LAND OF THE RAFLESIA FLOWER (Bengkulu)

Aside from hosting luxuriant blooms named after one of England's best appreciated gifts to the East, the strategic port of Bengkulu is famous for its pepper crop.

But life in this area of the Sumateran Island is more heavily spiced. by the Islamic religion, where it lends its flavour to popular art and culture of the region. One of the better known examples of these is the "fish rituals" (ikan ikan),performed annually as part of the larger "Tabot Muharam" ceremonies, in which large models of whale-like fish are gleefully paraded to the accompaniment of artists who read poetry and sing songs to commemorate the discovery of a great rare fish.

Your fish course will be followed by an offering of dances and songs which we hope are to your taste. Amongst these is the entrancing"Putri Gading Cempaka" or "Ivory blossom princess" dance which recalls an ancient princess of Bengkulu whose beauty and graceful nature were the stuff on which a legend can feed.

For your dessert we offer songs from the Rejang and Serawai sub-regions and traditional Malay music; all accom¬panied by the popular music of this region.

TRADITIONAL PEACE-TREATY CEREMONIES (KAMUKI) OF IRIAN JAYA

From ancient times wars have been recorded between the different tribes of Irian Jaya. As a particular tribe grew in size and strength it would seek to extend its influence over neighbouring lands and peoples. In Irian Jaya — this was a recipe for war.

These wars were sometimes long and expensive, creating onerous human and material demands. To curb excessive blood-letting and destruction, the village leaders would adopt a policy of seeking a peace accord; known in the local dialect as kamuki.

To provide an insight into this peace-treaty ritual the Irian Jaya Pavillion of Taman Mini will perform a ceremony between the Bira and Waropen tribes of the region. Leaders of each tribe hold a bamboo stick between them while a respected tribal figure splits it in two to signify the termination of hostilities between the combatants.

The ceremony is accompanied by exhortations for peace to prevent more destruction, loss and disruption of life style for the villagers. The ceremony continues with the Snake dance of the Waropen tribe and the Nakoda dance of the Bira tribe. The two tribes then join in presenting the Yosin, Pancar and Lemon Nipis dances during which all animosities dissipate in a spirit of mutual entertainment.

SEJARAH BUDAYA - 11:24 PM

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